Sinking and Sourcing Concepts and their differences
Sourcing and sinking are the core terms of PLC wiring and can greatly affect the reliability and functionality of your control system. In this article, we will explore these fundamental…
Soil resistivity measurement methods
One of the key elements affecting ground resistance is soil resistivity. Soil resistivity measurements are conducted before setting up an earthing system, in order to ensure an effective earthing. Good…
Grounding transformer or Earthing transformer
Grounding transformers are used to obtain a neutral when an existing delta-connected or ungrounded systems are to be grounded. These transformers provide a path for the flow of fault currents…
Resonant grounded system (Ground-Fault Neutralizer)
A resonant grounded system can significantly reduce the ground fault currents. This grounding system basically consists of a tuned reactor connected between the neutral and the ground that resonates with…
Reactance grounded system or inductance grounded system
In a reactance grounded system, the neutral is connected to the ground through an inductance (inductive reactance). The magnitude of the ground fault current can be limited to a value…
Types of Electrical Earthing as per IEC 60364 & BS 7430
Effective electrical earthing plays an important role in safeguarding people from the risk of electric shock and ensures a low impedance path for electric discharges to pass to the general…
Resistance grounded system
A resistance grounded system or resistance grounded neutral system is one that employs an intentional connection between the neutral and the earth through one or more resistors. In these systems,…
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction is a phenomenon by which electromotive force is produced across a conductor placed in a varying magnetic field. It was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831 after performing…
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
Michael Faraday discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction in 1831 which was a major breakthrough and led to the invention of electric motor and generator. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction…
Lenz’s law
Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz was a Russian physicist, working at the University of St. Petersburg, Russia. He formulated Lenz's law in 1834. This law predicts the direction of the current…